The article explains four ethical frameworks for making decisions. First is consequences (utilitarianism), where you choose actions that bring the most good to the most people, even if some might suffer. It’s about maximizing overall happiness. Second is rights and responsibilities, which emphasizes respecting people’s basic rights, like freedom and safety. This approach ensures that no one’s rights are violated, even if it helps others. The third framework, autonomy, focuses on letting people make informed choices for themselves, ensuring they have all the facts and are free from pressure. For instance, in medical ethics, this means allowing patients to decide on their own treatment options after being informed of the risks and benefits. The fourth framework is virtue ethics, which emphasizes personal character and asks, “What kind of person should I be?” Rather than focusing on rules or outcomes, this approach encourages us to develop moral virtues like honesty, kindness, and courage. Actions are ethical if they reflect good character and contribute to personal growth. What makes this article stand out is how it shows that there isn’t a single “right” way to approach ethical dilemmas. Instead, these frameworks are tools that help you see different perspectives. They don’t always lead to the same conclusion; sometimes one framework might suggest an action that conflicts with another. For example, an action might lead to good consequences (like helping many people), but it might violate someone’s rights (like forcing them to do something they don’t want to do).

Sources: https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2146-frameworks-for-ethical-analysis